Which of the following best describes how interferons function in the immune response?

Interferons are a group of proteins produced by cells in response to viral infections. Their primary role in the immune response is to communicate with neighboring cells to prepare them for potential viral infections. When a cell is infected by a virus, it secretes interferons, which then bind to receptors on nearby uninfected cells, triggering a signaling cascade. This cascade enhances the antiviral defenses of those neighboring cells, making them more resistant to subsequent infections.

By inducing the production of various proteins that inhibit viral replication or degradation, interferons effectively create a protective environment. This signaling function is critical in the early stages of viral infections, allowing for a rapid response to limit the spread of the virus. Thus, the ability of interferons to signal neighboring cells is fundamental to their role in the immune response, making this choice the most accurate representation of their function.