What role does the immune system play in controlling pathogenic infections?

The immune system functions as a complex network of cells and proteins that works to identify and eliminate pathogens, which include bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that can cause illness. The identification process begins with the recognition of specific molecules on the surface of pathogens, known as antigens. When these antigens are detected, various immune cells are activated to mount a response. This response can involve the activation of phagocytes that ingest and destroy pathogens, the production of antibodies by B cells that neutralize pathogens or mark them for destruction, and the activation of cytotoxic T cells that can kill infected cells directly.

This multifaceted approach ensures that the immune system can respond effectively to a wide range of pathogens, thereby preventing illness and helping the body maintain health. The ability to discern between self and non-self is crucial for preventing infections, as it enables the immune response to target only those cells and organisms that pose a threat while leaving healthy cells intact.

The other options do not accurately reflect the full scope of the immune system's functions. While antibodies are indeed created, they cannot prevent every infection, as suggested in one choice. Another option inaccurately states that the immune system only protects against viral infections, neglecting its important role in defending against bacterial and fungal infections as