What is the primary clinical consequence of infection with Bacillus anthracis?

Infection with Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, primarily leads to inflammation and fluid accumulation, particularly in the respiratory and gastrointestinal forms of the disease. After spores are inhaled or ingested, the bacteria can proliferate in the body, leading to the release of toxins that disrupt normal cellular functions, resulting in significant inflammatory responses.

In inhalational anthrax, for instance, the accumulation of fluid in the lungs occurs due to the inflammatory response to the toxins and the damage caused to blood vessels. This can lead to severe respiratory distress and a systemic inflammatory response known as septicemia. In the gastrointestinal form, there is also significant inflammation and edema within the intestinal tract, leading to abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptoms.

While severe diarrhea, skin rashes, and neurological symptoms can occur in other contexts of infection or may be associated with different pathogens or complications, they are not the hallmark clinical consequences specifically associated with Bacillus anthracis infection. Understanding the primary consequences of anthrax is crucial for timely recognition and treatment, given the organism's history as a bioterrorism agent and its severe impact on health.