What is the consequence of a superinfection?

A superinfection occurs when a second infection arises on top of a pre-existing one, typically after the normal microbiota has been disrupted. The correct choice highlights that a superinfection usually results from the killing of normal biota, often due to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. When the normal microbial populations are reduced, opportunistic pathogens or resistant strains can proliferate, leading to a new infection.

This situation is common with antibiotic therapy, where beneficial bacteria are diminished, allowing pathogens that were previously kept in check to thrive. Thus, the consequence of a superinfection is closely tied to the disturbance of the normal microbiota, making the individual more vulnerable to infections by pathogens that previously had little competition or control from normal flora.