What function do cytokines serve in the immune response?

Cytokines play a crucial role as signaling molecules in the immune response. They are produced by various cells of the immune system and act as messengers that facilitate communication between these cells. By binding to specific receptors on target cells, cytokines can influence a wide range of physiological responses, such as promoting inflammation, stimulating the activity of immune cells, and regulating the development and differentiation of immune cells.

For example, cytokines can stimulate T cells to proliferate and become activated, enhance the production of antibodies by B cells, and recruit other immune cells to sites of infection or inflammation. This regulatory and mediatory function is essential for coordinating a well-orchestrated immune response to pathogens and ensuring that the immune system operates effectively.

The other options describe incorrect functions: some might suggest that cytokines form structural components of immune cells or act as antibodies, but these roles pertain to different biological entities. Transporting oxygen in the blood is a function typically associated with hemoglobin in red blood cells, not cytokines. Thus, understanding the primary role of cytokines enhances our comprehension of immune system dynamics and responses.